The standard ferronickel for steelmaking has a wide range of compositions, from 5% to 25% Ni, Table 10.1. Solar et al. (2008) noted two trends in nickel laterites …
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This book introduces the most inspiring progress in the production of ferronickel from laterite ores from both theoretical and ... Based on a detailed overview of nickel utilization from laterite ores, it …
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Recovery of nickel and preparation of ferronickel alloy from spent petroleum catalyst via cooperative smelting–vitrification process with coal fly ash, Environmental Technology, DOI: 10.1080 ...
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grade ferronickel or nickel pig iron (NP!) in stainless steel production is a relatively new trend to ... cup mill. Average particle size of the ground ore was calculated as 303 µm by using screen analysis technique. Ore was homogenized at the end of the crushing and grinding processes. ... process durations varying from 15 minutes to 35 ...
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Primary world nickel production in 2020 was 2430.7 kt Ni; 69% (1677.7 kt) of them came from oxidized nickel ores (laterites) and 31% from sulfides. Production-wise, 87.7% of the 1677.7 kt came from pyrometallurgical …
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The selective reduction of nickel and adequate growth of ferronickel grains are imperative for efficient preparation of ferronickel from nickeliferous laterite ore via the process of direct ...
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Nickel is a kind of silvery white ferromagnetic metal firstly separated by Swedish mineralogist A.F. Cronstedt in 1751. It is in the eighth group of the fourth period in the periodic table of elements, with atomic number of 28, atomic weight of 58.71, density of 8.9 g/cm 3 (20 ℃), melting point of 1455 ℃, and boiling point of 2915 ℃. The most …
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the abovementioned vibratory mill to 98 pct below 75 l m. ... The proportion of nickel and iron in ferronickel concentrate was 88.7% (metal Ni-8.62%, metal Fe-80.1%), and the recovery efficiency ...
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The nickel metal produced around the world mainly includes metallic nickel, ferronickel and other nickel products. Nickel-containing sulfide ores are currently mainly processed by fire methods.
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Matte smelting and smelting to ferronickel are energy-intensive, making it uneconomical to treat low-grade ore. ... Iron hydrolysis in the direct nickel process, …
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The main source of nickel has gradually become the recovery of ferronickel concentrate from low-grade laterite nickel ore. In this work, high-grade ferronickel concentrate was prepared by a reduction roasting-magnetic separation process, and low-grade ferronickel concentrate and CaF 2
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The mixture of concentrate and iron after roasted at 800 °C for 240 min, ~ 96.8% of nickel could be extracted in the form of ferronickel alloy. In this solid-state …
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Electric furnace smelting: completion of reduction of the nickel separation of the product ferronickel; Refining: elimination of undesirable minor elements from the ferronickel to meet market specitication; Sources: Ronald A. Bergman, 2003, Nickel production from low-iron laterite ores: process description, Metallurgy
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We found that ferronickel with a nickel grade of 37.2 wt% could be obtained at a nickel recovery of 95.89% when nickel laterite was ... the saprolite is mainly treated through a pyrometallurgy process (or called ferronickel process) [1,17]. The ferronickel process dries and calcines the saprolite at high temperature (∼900 °C) under a ...
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Research highlights Life cycle assessment of nickel laterite processing routes. Focus on energy, greenhouse gases, water and solid waste. Ferronickel, high pressure acid leach, atmospheric acid leach, enhanced pressure acid leach, heap leach and Caron processes assessed. Results used to identify opportunities to improve the …
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Nickel is widely used in industrial processes and plays a crucial role in many applications. However, most of the nickel resource mainly exists as nickel oxide in laterite nickel ore with complex composition, resulting in difficulty in upgrading the nickel content using physical separation methods. In this study, high-grade ferronickel concentrates …
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The extraction of nickel from ore follows much the same route as copper, and indeed, in a number of cases, similar processes and equipment are used. The major differences in …
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2.1 Scope definition and methodology framework. One ton of ferronickel, which was selected as the functional unit in this study, was utilized to provide a quantified benchmark for the life cycle inventory (LCI) and all analysis results (ISO 14040 2006).In this study, laterite nickel ore was used as the raw material, and ferronickel with a nickel …
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Recovery of nickel and preparation of ferronickel alloy from spent petroleum catalyst via cooperative smelting-vitrification process with coal fly ash ... and smelting time of 60 min, respectively. In this process, a ferronickel (Ni-Fe) alloy with a high Ni grade of 10 wt% was successfully obtained, which could be directly further produced ...
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The required primary energy for producing nickel metal, nickel oxide, ferronickel, and nickel pig iron is 174 GJ/t alloy (174 GJ/t contained Ni), 369 GJ/t alloy (485 GJ/t contained Ni), 110 GJ/t ...
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Abstract The bloomery process in rotary kilns is used for reducing roasting of high-magnesia saprolite ores at relatively low temperatures (1200–1225°C). The influence of flux (limestone, bauxite, fluorite) and sulfur-containing (pyrite concentrate, elementary sulfur, gypsum) additives on the temperature of coarsening of metallic …
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Recovery of nickel and preparation of ferronickel alloy from spent petroleum catalyst via cooperative smelting–vitrification process with coal fly ash ... smelting temperature of 1550°C, and smelting time of 60 min, respectively. In this process, a ferronickel (Ni–Fe) alloy with a high Ni grade of 10 wt% was successfully obtained, …
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The mixture of concentrate and iron after roasted at 800 °C for 240 min, ~ 96.8% of nickel could be extracted in the form of ferronickel alloy. In this solid-state nickel extraction process, it can be achieved that recovered nickel values into alloy and simultaneously retained the bulk of sulfur of the nickel sulfide concentrate in the solid ...
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The resulting ferronickel features a nickel and iron grade of 12.55% and 84.61% and a nickel and iron recovery of 85.65% and 10.87%, respectively. ... the milling process is described as a Markov ...
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In this work, to determine an optimum treatment for processing high-MgO nickel laterite ores, we used a pre-reduction smelting method to obtain ferronickel alloy from the nickel laterite ore from ...
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of ore per day is being processed (130 trucks of 25 tons each).1 350 t nickel, tha. is 45 t nickel per day, are produced from this quantity of ore.However, our p. oduct is not only …
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nickel powder can also be produced in autoclaves by using hydrogen reduction technology. The new Outotec anode-in-a-bag technology for nickel electrowinning offers an …
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ANTAM's nickel operating segment is comprised of ferronickel and nickel ore sales. Ferronickel production originated from the Company's Kolaka Nickel Mining Business Unit. ... III and IV) with 4 production lines with …
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Properties of nickel and its reactions with relevant elements are described. The mineral resources of nickel are outlined with emphasis on oxide–silicate (laterite) ores processing. The technology of ferronickel smelting and all steps in the processing chain (roasting, smelting, desulfurization, and oxygen refining in converters) are discussed.
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The E and Mj (1998) said that Cominco permanently retired its Glenbrook Nickel Co. smelter at Riddle, Oregon once existing ores supplies were processed. Production at this plant was about 16,000 tpa of nickel contained in ferronickel. Low nickel prices and oversupply were reasons listed for an exit from the nickel business. 5. Discussion
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Kawasaki's ferronickel smelting plant follows the process shown in Fig. 1. Ferronickel ore with 1.8-2.2% nickel content is first dried in a rotary dryer, then reduced in a rotary kiln. Next, the ore is smelted in an electric furnace and separated into slag and metal (ferronickel) with around 20% nickel content. After the metal is refined in a
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The object of the invention is to provide a process for the recovery of iron and nickel from low iron content laterite ores. Said process comprises subjecting the ore to a carburizing step in the presence of a reducing agent and carbon supplying agent to convert the iron to iron carbide, followed by smelting the residue or product of the carburizing step to …
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