The acid activation of bentonite from Middle Anatolia, consisting of mostly montmorillonite, with a hot solution of H 2 SO 4 with different concentrations was carried out. SEM images, nitrogen sorption isotherms and FTIR spectra were used to examine structural changes of the bentonite with acid activation. Acid–base titration method was applied to …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
In this work, nickel-supported bentonite catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation method followed by activation and reduction. The nickel catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity for hydrogenation of furfural …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
The result of the structural analysis showed that during the activation process, the structure of bentonite was not changed significantly and the surface area of the activated bentonite has ...
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
There are three principal methods of activation, the so called "wet methods," which consist of introducing acti vators which are either dissolved or in suspension. ... a …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
A 6 wt.% sample of wet sieved bentonite (WSB) was dispersed in 350 mL of distilled water contained in a 500-mL glass container. ... The co-existence of Ca-rich and Na-rich montmorillonite is expected when using conventional methods of bentonite activation with soda since the formation of Na-rich montmorillonite can be accompanied by the ...
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
Method of converting calcium bentonite to sodium bentonite that is suitable for use as drilling mud or a cement additive. After the addition of a calcium bentonite sample to a prepared soda ash solution at predetermined soda ash/bentonite weight ratios, the bentonite suspension is continuously heated and stirred for up to 24 h. The heating and …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
The spectrum of the raw bentonite exhibits absorption bands at 3450 and 1650 cm −1 assigned to the stretching and bending vibrations of the OH groups for the water molecule of hydration, which adsorbed on the bentonite surface, and a band at 3620 cm −1 representing the stretching vibration of the hydroxyl groups coordinated to …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
B.Methods 1.Activation Using Sulfuric Acid Reflux Method 10 gm of raw bentonite clay was mixed with various concentrations of sulfuric acid 25, 35, and 45%. The reactants were refluxed in boiling H 2 SO 4 for different times of 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and the liquid to solid ratio in the mixture
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
Mine, Niigata, Japan was evaluated by the new method to demonstrate the substantial increase in smectite content from 40% in the original bentonite to 75% after purification …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
In the wet process, bentonite and polymer solutions are mixed and stirred, and then the mixtures are dried and ground after adequately reacted. The detailed procedures are shown in Fig. 8 (a). This method could normally lead to the formation of intercalated or exfoliated structures (Giannelis et al., 1999).
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
Biodiesel obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils and fats is an alternative for petro-diesel fuel. Purification of biodiesel is one of the crucial steps in the …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
The quality of bentonite directly affects the safety and economic benefits of oil well drilling engineering. Due to the fact that most of the qualified drilling-grade bentonite used in water-based drilling fluid under current API standards are modified by physico-chemical methods, its performance maybe extremely unstable in high temperature …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).The …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
Thermal activation, performed by heating clay in a specific range, is the most technically and economically feasible method for clay activation (Toor and Jin 2012). During …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
The experimental results showed that purification of biodiesel by dry washing using activated bentonite resulted in a better yield and quality than wet washing and dry washing using non-activated ...
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
Amari, A., Chlendi, M., Gannouni, A. & Bellagi, A. (2010) Optimised activation of bentonite for toluene adsorption. ... Balci, S. (2019) Structural property improvements of bentonite with sulfuric acid activation and a …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
method. The sand–bentonite mixture is fine and therefore does not cause mechanical damage to the cables. These mixtures are resistant to freeze–thaw cycles and have low water permeability [14–16]. The most popular use of bentonite is for creating an artificial water barrier [17–19]. Also, bentonite is widely used in landfills to ...
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
In case pregel step and polar activation should be avoided, the BENTONE® SD grades are the products of choice. BENTONE® SD products However, in special cases e.g. in high solids and solvent less systems, chemical activation might be beneficial. The activation of BENTONE® SD grades follows in general the recommendations for the of conventional
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
A new method of Na-activation of raw bentonite, rich in Ca-montmorillonite, consisting of combined thermal treatment at 200 °C, followed by immediate impregnation with aqueous solution of Na2CO3 ...
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
A new method of Na-activation of raw bentonite, rich in Ca-montmorillonite, consisting of combined thermal treatment at 200 °C, followed by immediate impregnation with aqueous solution of Na 2 CO 3 of concentration corresponding to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clay, was investigated. Structural and compositional …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
Abstract. Particles size distribution (PSD) is introduced as a tool for analysis of bentonite aggregation and swelling kinetics. Raw Ca-bentonite was purified using a combined wet sieving and sedimentation …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
In this work, the sodium salt induced activation of bentonite derived adsorbent at low temperature has been attempted. The specific surface area, and total …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
Therefore, there is a need to study the effect of soda concentration on bentonite activation parameters. It is known from the analysis of the literature that the ion exchange does not take place completely during dry activation of clays, therefore, it is more effective to activate wet bentonites and their compositions.
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
A natural clay was purified (P-C) and modified by three methods: thermal activation at 200°C for 2 h, acid activation with a 3N sulfuric acid solution for 1 h, and saline activation with ...
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
Among them, bentonite and barriers modified by polymer show excellent properties. Polymer-amended bentonite was developed to solve the failure problem of barriers under wet-dry cycles and inorganic salt pollutants, due to the bonding effect and superior swelling capacity of polymer (De Camillis et al., 2017; Mazzieri, 2012).
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
A method for activation of bentonites is described. The method comprises a prior treatment of the bentonite with an organic polymer and/or an aqueous alkaline solution as known from prior art. Subsequently, an amount of 0.01 - 10% by weight from the treated bentonite of a heavy metal salt is incorporated into the pretreated bentonite and then …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
of the bentonite with acid activation. Acid-base titration method was applied to determine the surface acidities. The characterization results indicated that the acid activation caused considerable increases in the surface area and pore volumes by changing both the morphology and surface properties.
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
Similarly, bentonite activation is a complex phenomenon that involves the substitution of exchangeable cations, Al 3+, Mg 2+, and Fe 2+ against protons from the …
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073حقوق النشر والنسخ؛ 2024.Aava جميع الحقوق محفوظة.خريطة الموقع