Next generation of pelletizing plants for the transition to

Our advanced Pallet Car Conditioning Monitoring System does acquisition, processing visualization and storage of data coming from a new designed hardware system that measures the deflection of the pallet cars, identifies missing or blocking wheels, and detects bent or missing sidewalls and grate bars.

Dynamic simulation of pellet induration process in straight-grate …

As understood, grate–kiln process is a combination of horizontally moving grate and circumferentially rotating kiln. Mathematical simulations on pellet thermal state within moving grate can be seen in many literatures (Barati, 2008; Majumder et al., 2009; Sadrnezhaad et al., 2008; Thurlby et al., 1979), since moving grate process accounts …

Travelling Grates&Chain Grate&wear plate on Grate-kiln

The mechanical wear can be significantly increased by chemical reaction between the worn material and the corroding medium in the application environment, e.g. Paddle Mixers in Super Phosphate Production. Material Selection is very important to optimise the corrosion-wear properties of the component.

Dynamic simulation of pellet induration process in …

the heating profile for better pellet quality and grate bar protection. After firing, burnt pellets undergo cooling where ambient air is drawn upward through the bed. The hearth …

Grate bar material and production method thereof as well …

The invention relates to a production method of a grate bar material of a sintering machine. The production method mainly solves the problems that a high-alloy grate bar is complex in production process, relatively high in production cost, difficult in casting flaw control, non-uniform in performance and the like in the prior art. The technical scheme of the …

A Mathematical Model for Straight-Grate Iron Oxide …

parameters like line speed, bed height, pellet mean size, green pellet composition etc. Number of mathematical models for the straight-grate induration furnace are proposed in the liter-ature. Hasenack et al.3 and Voskamp et al.4 A Mathematical Model for Straight-Grate Iron Oxide Pellet Induration Furnace: Formulation 2407

Mathematical model for a straight grate iron ore pellet …

The heat transferred to the pellet cars and grate bars is the only source of loss accounted for in the travelling-grate models. Nevertheless, several papers do not consider this factor explicitly ...

Case Study of Thermal Profile Design for Traveling Grate Pellet …

A clear distinction between the dustiness of grate-kiln and straight-grate fired pellets is established. We conclude that grate-kiln-cooler systems provide superior pellet quality, but at the cost ...

(PDF) Virtual indurator: A tool for simulation of induration of …

Initially, a thin layer of previously fired pellets are placed at the bottom on the grate bars and along the pallet walls to protect the grate bars as well as the side walls from high temperatures 1142 S. Majumder et al. / Computers and Chemical Engineering 33 (2009) 1141–1152 Nomenclature as CCO2 ∗ CCO 2 Cpg Cps C␮ dc de dl ds DCO2 DSCO ...

Pelletizing Technology

Customer Pro Minerals Pvt. Ltd., India. Type of plant Circular Pelletizing Plant (191 m²), output 1.0 mtpy. Our solution Our solution for the production of merchant pellets was devised as a green-field installation of a Circular Pelletizing Plant (CPT), including several associated facilities such as units for grinding and filtration and a beneficiation plant for …

Review on mathematical models for travelling-grate iron oxide pellet

Voskamp and Brasz [5] consider a constant value for the grate bars specific heat capacity in each zone. In addition, the grate bars are one layer high (i.e. the domain is discretized into N + 1 layers, from which the first bottom one always correspond to the grate bars), and the surface area is estimated in 20 m2.

Failure Analysis and Improvement Measures of …

Abstract. Stainless steel grate bars are one of the important components of pallet cars used in straight grate iron ore pelletizing plant. Their service life has a major influence on plant ...

Chemical Specification of Commonly Cast Heat Resistant …

Suitable for applications upto 1100 o C for furnace parts such as grates, etc. with increased ductility. HRCS ... Wear plates and bars, bushes & sleeves for operation in hot & corrosive atmosphere, where lubrication is impossible, with superior performance. Similar to Stellite:

Traveling grate pelletizing

Outotec Traveling Grate Pelletizing is the industry's leading induration technology for iron ore pellet processing and is designed for a wide range of plant capacities up to 9.25 …

Failure Analysis and Improvement Measures of Grate Bars …

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 30(8): 6269-6283 ISSN: 1059-9495; 1544-1024. ... Failed grate bars from the pellet plant were compared with the corrosion exposed simulated grate bar samples. The study showed that the plant grate bar failure occurred due to intergranular corrosion caused by high-chloride input into the furnace ...

Traveling grate pelletizing

Outotec Traveling Grate Pelletizing is the industry's leading induration technology for iron ore pellet processing and is designed for a wide range of plant capacities up to 9.25 million t/a. Based on over 60 years' experience and world-class R&D, our process produces uniform pellets with excellent physical and metallurgical ...

Grate Bars for Pallet and Sinter Cars

Grate Bars. CSP's Grate bars are expertly designed to maximize airflow while maintaining mechanical strength and shape in high temperature environments. Our high grade stainless steel grate bars are …

Failure Analysis and Improvement Measures of Grate Bars …

Failure Analysis and Improvement Measures of Grate …

sidewalls and bottom grate bars of an individual pallet car from excess heat exposure. Although the stratified layer act as refractory protection to the metallic grate bars and …

NextGen Pelletizing™

concentrate quality, the quality of the mixing step and the green pelletizing, the bed distribution on the pallet car, and the induration process in the furnace. The final aim is to control the entire process based on online measurement of the quality (strength and metallurgical composition) of the burned pellets. Raw material preparation and

Compact-sized Pellet Plant

designed and delivered more than 120 traveling grate pelletizing plants across the globe and continues to rule the marketspace. In the early days of the pelletizing technology, pellet plants were small-sized. The first pellet plants had an indurating machine width of 2.5-3 meters and annual capacities in the range of 1 million tons of pellets.

Mathematical model for a straight grate iron ore pellet …

A hearth layer of fired pellets is used in the former to protect grate bars from excessive heating. Fresh pellets are charged onto a hearth layer of the fired ones. Hot gas is blown through the layer to dry-out and fire the pellets at about 1300 °C. In the grate-kiln process, the green pellets are charged onto the grate to form a bed of ∼180 ...

Modelling of heat transfer in a straight grate pellet …

Straight grate furnaces are widely used for induration of hematite pellets where typically 1%–2% carbon is added to the green mix to help in generating heat by combustion.

Digital Solutions for Iron Ore Pelletizing Plants

The system can also detect cars with missing wheels or grate bars and includes a pallet car identification system with optical cameras or RFID technology. The system provides a highly accurate overview on the condition of every single car, supporting the planning and execution of preventive maintenance on these key pellet furnace components.

What's the Best Type of Grill Grate Material?

What types of grill grate are available? Most grill grates are made of cast iron, stainless steel or one of those base materials covered in an enamel coating. There is some debate about which grill grate material gives the best results, so we'll be covering each one in detail and providing a list of pros and cons. 1. Stainless steel grill grates

Increasing the service life of pellet car grate bars

Request PDF | Increasing the service life of pellet car grate bars made of 40Х24Н12СЛ steel | Intercrystallite corrosion (ICC) is the main reason to decrease …

Image Processing Based Defect Detection and …

3shows the layout of grate bars on a single car. A defective grate bar is also visible in the figure. Figure 3: layout of grate bars in a car Once a grate bar has been damaged, it deteriorates the ...

Pelletization Solutions

both Straight Grate and Grate-Kiln technologies, therefore ensuring our customers get the best technology fit for their specific ore and product requirements. With strength and expertise in both Straight Grate and Grate-Kiln technologies, 's equipment, parts and services for pelletizing process are designed to increase capacity, reduce

How to Position Traeger Grill Grates for Best Results

For Smoking: Position Grates Higher. The higher of the two lower grate positions is perfect for low-and-slow cooking because it's somewhat removed from the direct heat source and the greater distance between the grate and the heat shield allows the smoke to circulate better around the food. Pro tip: This is also the best position for most baking.

Understanding Pellets and Pellet Plant Operations

Fig 2 Typical schematic diagram of straight grate system. The grate-kiln system depicted in Fig 1 consists of a traveling grate for drying and preheating the pellets to about 1040 deg C, a rotary kiln for uniformly heating the throughput to the final induration temperature of 1315 deg C, and an annular cooler for cooling the product and heat …

Failure Analysis and Improvement Measures of Grate …

along with a certain amount of fluxing materials (5-10%), binder (0.4-0.8%) and solid carbonaceous fuel (such as ... sidewalls and bottom grate bars of an individual pallet car from excess heat exposure. ... during the pellet making operation. The grate bars used in the pellet plants are usually made up of high-chromium–high-nickel as-cast ...

Grate Bars

Grate Bar Material: Fire Grate Size: 48# Drive grate bar: 1.QT450-10. Heat-resistance 800-900℃ 2.QTSi5. Heat-resistance 1000-1200℃ Hole-to-hole size 80, Width 48mm: 48# Drive bar: Hole-to-hole size 90, Width 48mm: 64# Drive bar: Hole-to-hole size 90, Width 64mm: 64# Drive bar: Hole to hole size 64, Width 64mm: 18# Single Driven bars: 1 ...

Bar Grating

Choose from our selection of metal bar grating, narrow-opening metal bar grating, metal bar grating stair treads, and more. In stock and ready to ship. BROWSE CATALOG. Abrading & Polishing; ... Raw Materials; Safety Supplies; Sawing & Cutting; Sealing; Shipping; Suspending (562) 692-5911. Email Us. Email Us. We will reply to your …

Pallet Cars & Sinter Cars

Pellet bed heights up to 550 mm can be realized. The CSP Sinter Car for sintering is used to air-sweep ore fines and sintering concentrates through the charge layer during sintering belt movement. The car consists of a …

Assessment of iron ore pellets production using two charcoals …

1. Introduction. The steel industry has negative implications in terms of pollutant emissions. The energy consumption of that industry is approximately 24 EJ/year, which represents 5% of the planet's primary energy consumption and corresponds to approximately 3–4% of global CO 2 emissions [1].This is an important reason to study …